Economics: Financial Analysis of Solar PV Systems

Understand the economic factors that determine solar PV viability. Learn about costs, incentives, financing options, and return on investment calculations.

Solar PV Economic Analysis

The economics of solar PV systems depend on multiple factors including upfront costs, available incentives, electricity rates, system performance, and financing options. While solar panel prices have declined dramatically over the past decade, the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) for solar PV has become competitive with traditional energy sources in many markets.

Key economic metrics include payback period, return on investment (ROI), net present value (NPV), and internal rate of return (IRR). These calculations help determine whether a solar installation makes financial sense and how long it will take to recover the initial investment. Government incentives, tax credits, and rebates can significantly improve the economics.

Economic Factors

  • Capital Costs: Solar panels, inverters, installation, and permitting
  • Operating Costs: Maintenance, insurance, and monitoring
  • Revenue Streams: Electricity bill savings and potential feed-in tariffs
  • Incentives: Tax credits, rebates, and grants
  • Financing: Cash purchase, loans, leases, or power purchase agreements
  • Risk Factors: Performance degradation, electricity price escalation, policy changes

Interactive Solar Economics Calculator

Financing Options

Tax Incentives & Rebates

Financial Summary

System Cost:$12,500
Federal ITC (30%):-$3,750

Net Cost:$8,750
Annual Generation:10.2 kWh
Year 1 Savings:$1.224
Payback Period:7148.7 years
25-Year Savings:$-892.874
Net Present Value:$-9,642.874

25-Year Cash Flow Analysis

Initial Investment
-$8,750
Payback Period
7148.7 years
25-Year Savings
$-892.874
Cash Flow Timeline
Year 0
Initial Investment-$8,750
Year 7149
Break-even Point$0 (Break-even)
Year 25
Total Savings+$-892.874
0
Payback
Initial
Investment
Payback
Period
25
Years
This visualization shows the journey from initial investment to long-term savings over 25 years.
7148.7
Years to Payback
-10.2%
Return on Investment
$30%
Incentive Savings
$0.0%
Annual ROI
Investment Recommendations
Long-term investment requiring patience
Negative NPV suggests investment may not be worthwhile
Moderate long-term returns
• Consider current incentives may change - act soon for financing