Previous
Introduction
Section 2 of 5
Capital Structures

Optimizing Capital Structures

Balancing debt and equity to minimize costs while maintaining financial stability and investor returns

Capital Structure Fundamentals

The capital structure of a renewable energy project determines how it's financed - the mix of debt and equity that funds construction and operations. Debt provides leverage and tax advantages, while equity absorbs risk and provides financial cushion. The optimal structure balances cost minimization with risk management.

Renewable projects typically use 70-80% debt financing, with the remainder coming from equity investors. This high leverage is possible due to stable, long-term revenue streams from power purchase agreements and predictable technology performance.

Key Capital Structure Components

  • Debt: Bank loans, green bonds, development finance - lower cost but fixed obligations
  • Equity: Investor capital, developer equity - higher cost but flexible and risk-absorbing
  • Mezzanine: Hybrid instruments bridging debt and equity - higher returns for higher risk
  • Grants/Subsidies: Government incentives reducing equity requirements

Interactive Capital Structure Optimizer

$100M
4.5%
12%

Capital Structure Breakdown

Debt Ratio70%
Debt
$70.0M
(70%)
Equity
$30.0M
(30%)
DSCR
2.26x
Debt Service Coverage Ratio
✓ Investment Grade
PLCR
2.26x
Project Life Coverage Ratio
✓ Strong Coverage
LLCR
2.82x
Loan Life Coverage Ratio
✓ Acceptable

Annual Cost Analysis

Debt Service Cost$6.7M/year
Equity Return Required$3.6M/year
Total Annual Cost$10.3M/year

Optimization Insight: Higher debt ratios reduce equity requirements but increase financial risk. The sweet spot typically balances cost of capital with acceptable risk metrics.