Funding Mechanisms Toolkit

The diverse instruments channeling capital to climate solutions

Five Pathways for Climate Capital

Climate finance flows through multiple channels, each with distinct characteristics, risk profiles, and use cases:

🎛️ Financing Mechanism Selector

🎁

Grants & Concessional Finance

Risk: LowReturns: Below market / Zero

Non-repayable funds or highly subsidized loans for public goods

Strengths
  • Funds non-commercial projects
  • Catalyzes innovation
  • Reaches vulnerable communities
Limitations
  • Limited scalability
  • Donor dependency
  • Slow disbursement
Examples:
Green Climate Fund • Adaptation Fund • GEF grants
Best For:
Early-stage R&D, adaptation in LDCs, capacity building

🎯 Find Your Fit

5/10
ConservativeAggressive
5/10
Impact-firstMarket-rate
Recommended Mechanism:
🔄 Blended Finance

The Risk-Return Spectrum

Grants
Lowest Risk
Debt
Low Risk
Blended
Medium Risk
Market
Variable Risk
Equity
Highest Risk
← Public Goods FocusCommercial Viability →

🌍 Case Study: Financing a Solar Farm in Kenya

🎁
Grants (5%): Feasibility study, community engagement funded by development agency
💳
Concessional Debt (30%): Below-market loan from Green Climate Fund for grid connection
🔄
Blended Finance (25%): DFI first-loss guarantee de-risks commercial lenders
💳
Commercial Debt (30%): Local bank loan at market rates for equipment
📈
Equity (10%): Impact investor takes ownership stake, exits after 7 years
Outcome: Layering mechanisms reduced overall capital cost, made project viable, and distributed risk appropriately.