Operational Carbon Over Time

How buildings consume energy throughout their 50-100 year lifespan

The Long-Term Energy Story

While embodied carbon is a one-time hit, operational carbon accumulates year after year for 50-100 years, typically representing 65-80% of lifecycle emissions. Energy efficiency improvements compound over decades, making performance optimization one of the highest-impact climate strategies. System degradation over time means that today's efficient building becomes tomorrow's energy waster without proper maintenance and upgrades.

Energy End Uses

  • 🌡️HVAC (40-50%): Heating, cooling, ventilation systems
  • 💡Lighting (15-25%): Interior and exterior illumination
  • 🔌Plug Loads (15-20%): Computers, appliances, equipment
  • 💧Water Heating (10-15%): Domestic hot water systems

Performance Degradation

Standard Building
0.5-1% annual efficiency loss without maintenance
Well-Maintained
0.2-0.3% loss with proper commissioning
Actively Managed
Continuous improvement possible with automation

50-Year Energy Projection Tool

Model long-term energy costs and emissions for different building performance levels

Building Performance Level

Projection Timeline

50 years
Total Energy Use
28688
MWh over 50 years
Energy Costs
$4303k
At $0.15/kWh
CO₂ Emissions
12049
tons over 50 years

Cumulative Energy Cost Over Time

Year 0$75k
Year 5$456k
Year 10$846k
Year 15$1245k
Year 20$1654k
Year 25$2072k
Year 30$2499k
Year 35$2936k
Year 40$3383k
Year 45$3838k
Year 50$4303k

Next: Circular Economy Design

Learn how to design buildings for reuse, adaptation, and recycling