Stablecoins: USDC, USDT, DAI

Cryptocurrencies pegged to $1 USD

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Introduction to DeFi

💵 The $1 Crypto Problem

Bitcoin's price swings 5-10% daily—terrible for payments or savings. Stablecoins solve this by pegging to $1 USD, combining crypto's speed with fiat's stability. USDT and USDC hold $122B in reserves, DAI locks $5B in crypto collateral, while algorithmic coins like UST failed catastrophically. Today, stablecoins process $7+ trillion annually—more than Visa—powering DeFi, cross-border payments, and crypto trading with minimal volatility.

⚖️ The Peg Mechanism

Maintaining $1.00 requires constant balancing. Fiat-backed stablecoins (USDC, USDT) hold real dollars—redeem 1 token for $1 cash. Crypto-backed (DAI) over-collateralize—lock $150 ETH to mint $100 DAI. Algorithmic coins (failed UST) used supply/demand with no reserves—when panic hit, the death spiral began. The peg is everything: lose it, and billions vanish instantly.

$127B

Total Market Cap

Combined stablecoin supply

$7T

Annual Volume

More than Visa's $12T

3 Types

Peg Models

Fiat, crypto, algorithmic

±0.01

Peg Range

Typically $0.99-$1.01

🎯 Why Stablecoins Matter

1

DeFi Foundation

85% of DeFi uses stablecoins for lending, liquidity pools, and yield farming

2

Trading Pairs

BTC/USDT is world's largest trading pair—$50B+ daily volume

3

Cross-Border Payments

Send $10K globally in minutes for $2—banks charge $50+ and take days

4

Dollar Access

People in Argentina, Turkey, Lebanon escape inflation by holding USDC/USDT

⚠️ The UST Collapse (May 2022)

TerraUSD (UST) was an algorithmic stablecoin backed by LUNA token, not reserves. When UST dropped to $0.98, panic triggered mass redemptions. The algorithm minted LUNA to defend the peg, hyperinflating supply from 350M to 6.9 trillion tokens. LUNA crashed 99.99%, UST collapsed to $0.10, destroying $60B in 72 hours.

Lesson: Algorithmic stablecoins without reserves are death spirals waiting to happen.