✅ Master Stablecoin Mechanics

Understand peg mechanisms, arbitrage, and depegging risks

✨ Key Takeaways

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Three Stablecoin Types

Fiat-backed (USDC) offers maximum stability but centralization. Crypto-backed (DAI) provides decentralization but needs over-collateralization. Algorithmic designs (UST) promise efficiency but have catastrophic failure modes.

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Arbitrage Maintains Peg

All stable mechanisms rely on arbitrage. When price deviates from $1, profit-seeking traders exploit the gap until it closes. This self-correcting system works as long as confidence in the mechanism remains intact.

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Over-Collateralization Works

Crypto-backed stablecoins need 150-200% collateral because crypto is volatile. The buffer protects the peg during crashes by ensuring liquidators profit from buying the stablecoin to close undercollateralized positions.

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Confidence is Everything

De-pegging happens when confidence breaks. USDC recovered from $0.87 because users trusted redemption would work. UST went to $0.01 because it had no real backing and confidence was irreversibly lost. Trust determines survival.

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Choosing the Right Stablecoin

  • Maximum stability + speed: USDC (fiat-backed, instant redemption)
  • Decentralization priority: DAI (crypto-backed, trustless)
  • Avoid: Pure algorithmic designs (proven failure mode)
  • Diversify: Don't hold 100% in any single stablecoin type
  • Monitor: Watch for persistent deviation, declining cap, widening spreads

🎓 Test Your Knowledge

Question 1 of 5Score: 0/5

What is the primary mechanism that keeps fiat-backed stablecoins (like USDC) pegged to $1.00?