✅ You Can Defend Against Reentrancy

Protect your contracts using CEI pattern and OpenZeppelin guards

Previous Section
Prevention Methods

🎓 Module Complete: Key Takeaways

🎉 Congratulations!

You've completed the Reentrancy Attack module. You now understand one of the most critical vulnerabilities in smart contract security and how to prevent it.

📚 What You've Learned

🎯

Reentrancy Fundamentals

  • Occurs when external calls happen before state updates
  • Attacker reenters with stale state, bypassing checks
  • Most dangerous vulnerability in smart contracts
📜

The DAO Hack

  • $60M stolen through splitDAO reentrancy
  • Led to Ethereum hard fork (ETH vs ETC)
  • Catalyzed modern security practices
🛡️

Prevention Methods

  • Use OpenZeppelin's ReentrancyGuard modifier
  • Follow Checks-Effects-Interactions pattern
  • Consider pull payment architecture
📋

Best Practices

  • Update state before external calls always
  • Audit every external call carefully
  • Test with reentrancy attack simulations
⚠️

Common Variations

  • Single-function: Same function repeatedly
  • Cross-function: Reenter different function
  • Delegatecall: Storage context exploitation
🔍

Security Mindset

  • Never trust external contracts
  • Assume all addresses are malicious
  • Defense in depth: use multiple protections

🎯 Interactive: Security Knowledge Quiz

Test your understanding with 5 questions about reentrancy attacks and prevention methods.

🛠️ Security Checklist for Your Projects

✅ Before Deployment

Add nonReentrant to functions with external calls
Verify Checks-Effects-Interactions pattern
Update all state before external calls
Test with reentrancy attack simulations
Run Slither/Mythril static analysis

🔍 During Review

Check cross-function reentrancy risks
Verify all external calls are documented
Confirm no delegatecall vulnerabilities
Review fallback/receive functions
Get professional security audit

📖 Recommended Resources

📘 OpenZeppelin Contracts

Battle-tested library with ReentrancyGuard and other security utilities.

npm install @openzeppelin/contracts

🔍 Slither Static Analyzer

Automated tool that detects reentrancy and other vulnerabilities.

pip install slither-analyzer

📚 ConsenSys Best Practices

Comprehensive smart contract security guidelines and patterns.

🎓 Ethernaut Challenges

Hands-on security challenges including reentrancy exploits.

🚀 Next Steps

1️⃣
Practice writing secure contracts: Build projects using OpenZeppelin's ReentrancyGuard and Checks-Effects-Interactions pattern.
2️⃣
Study real exploits: Analyze public post-mortems from hacks like The DAO, Cream Finance, and others.
3️⃣
Learn other vulnerabilities: Explore integer overflow, front-running, access control, and more security topics.
4️⃣
Contribute to security: Join bug bounty programs, audit open-source projects, share knowledge.
🎓

Module Mastered!

You now have the knowledge to identify, prevent, and defend against reentrancy attacks. Use this expertise to build secure, trustworthy smart contracts.

"Security is not a product, but a process." — Bruce Schneier