🔒 How Staking Works: Lock, Validate, Earn

Learn how locking up your crypto secures the network and generates passive income

⚙️ How Staking Works

Staking involves locking up cryptocurrency to participate in network validation. Let's explore the mechanics, rewards, and risks.

🔒 The Staking Process

1
Deposit Stake

Lock up minimum required amount (32 ETH for Ethereum). Funds are held in a smart contract and cannot be withdrawn immediately.

2
Run Validator Node

Set up validator software that stays online 24/7. Your node participates in proposing and attesting to blocks.

3
Validate Blocks

When selected, propose new blocks or attest to others' proposals. Perform duties honestly and on time.

4
Earn Rewards

Receive staking rewards for good behavior (typically 4-10% annual return). Rewards compound over time.

💰 Staking Rewards Calculator

Adjust the parameters to see potential staking earnings:

32 ETH
32 ETH (Min)320 ETH (10 validators)
365 days
1 month5 years
4.5%
3% (Low)10% (High)
Estimated Earnings
+1.440 ETH
$4320.00 USD (@ $3,000/ETH)
Initial
32 ETH
Rewards
+1.44 ETH
Final
33.44 ETH
Yearly: 1.440 ETH | Daily: 0.0039 ETH

Rewards Earned For:

  • Proposing valid blocks on time
  • Attesting to correct blocks
  • Being online and responsive (uptime)
  • Participating in sync committees

⚠️Penalties (Slashing) For:

  • Double signing (proposing 2 blocks)
  • Surrounding votes (contradictory attestations)
  • Extended downtime (offline for days)
  • Malicious behavior or attacks

🔐 Security Through Economics

Cost to Attack Network

To control 51% of network, attacker needs 51% of all staked ETH.

Total Staked: ~32 million ETH
Attack Cost: ~$48 billion USD
Slashing Consequence

If caught attacking, validators lose their entire stake permanently.

Malicious Validator: 1,000 ETH staked
Slashed Amount: 1,000 ETH ($3 million)
Economic Disincentive

Cost of attack is massive, and success burns attacker's wealth. Economically irrational to attack.

💡 Staking Pools vs Solo Staking

Solo Staking
Minimum:32 ETH (~$96,000)
Control:Full control
Rewards:100% (no fees)
Technical:Advanced
Staking Pool
Minimum:Any amount (0.01+ ETH)
Control:Pool manages
Rewards:90-95% (5-10% fee)
Technical:Easy