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💳 Smart Wallets: Programmable Accounts

Learn how to build wallets with custom logic and recovery

Explore EIP-4337 and the future of wallets

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Smart Contract Wallets

Smart contract wallets are programmable accounts that can implement custom logic: social recovery, spending limits, multi-signature requirements, automated payments, and more. They're deployed as contracts on-chain, giving users unprecedented control over their security and user experience.

Unlike EOAs which have fixed behavior (single key controls everything), smart wallets can evolve over time: upgrade security policies, add new features, and integrate with emerging standards—all without changing your address.

Interactive: Smart Wallet Features

Explore the powerful features that smart contract wallets enable.

🔐

Social Recovery

Recover account using trusted guardians without seed phrases

Benefits

✓No single point of failure
✓Family/friends as guardians
✓Customizable threshold (e.g., 3-of-5)
✓Time-delayed recovery for security

How It Works

Guardians vote to change owner key. After delay period (48h), new owner takes control.

Real Example

Argent wallet: Lost phone? 2 of 3 guardians approve new device.

Social Recovery Simulator

Adjust the number of guardians to see how it affects recovery security.

27
Total Guardians
3
Trusted contacts
Approval Threshold
2 of 3
67% majority
Recovery Time
60h
Safety delay period

Security Analysis

• Small guardian set: Easier coordination, but less redundancy
• Attack resistance: Attacker must compromise 2 guardians simultaneously
• Time delay: Owner has 60 hours to cancel malicious recovery attempts

🏗️ Popular Smart Wallet Implementations

•
Safe (formerly Gnosis Safe)
Multi-sig wallet, 300+ integrations, $100B+ secured, battle-tested since 2018
•
Argent
Mobile-first, social recovery, daily limits, gasless transactions via relayers
•
Biconomy Smart Accounts
Modular design, ERC-4337 native, supports paymasters and bundlers
•
ZeroDev Kernel
Plugin architecture, session keys, passkey support, highly customizable

Wallet Deployment Costs

One-Time Costs

Contract deployment~$10-50
Setup guardians~$5-20
Note: Can use counterfactual deployment (deploy only when needed)

Per-Transaction Costs

Simple transfer~$1-5
With paymaster$0 (sponsored)
Higher than EOA (~21k gas), but enables powerful features
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