📏 Measurement & Collapse

Discover how measurement transforms quantum superposition into classical reality

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Quantum Entanglement

From Quantum to Classical

🔍 What is Quantum Measurement?

In quantum mechanics, measurement is fundamentally different from classical observation. When you measure a quantum system in superposition, it doesn't simply reveal a pre-existing value—it forces the system to choose one outcome, destroying the superposition in the process.

The Act of Observation

Measurement irreversibly changes the quantum state. Once measured, a qubit in superposition collapses to a definite classical state (0 or 1).

🌊 Before & After Measurement

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Before Measurement

• Qubit exists in superposition
• Multiple states simultaneously
• Quantum interference possible
• No definite value
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After Measurement

• Wavefunction collapses
• Single definite outcome
• Superposition destroyed
• Classical state (0 or 1)

🎲 Probability & Randomness

While measurement outcomes are probabilistic, the probabilities are precisely determined by the quantum state before measurement.

Born Rule

The probability of measuring a particular outcome is the square of the amplitude:

P(0) = |α|²     P(1) = |β|²

where α|0⟩ + β|1⟩ is the quantum state

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Example 1
|α|² = 0.25
25% chance of |0⟩
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Example 2
|α|² = 0.5
50% chance of |0⟩
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Example 3
|α|² = 1.0
100% chance of |0⟩

⚙️ Properties of Measurement

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Irreversible

Once collapsed, you cannot recover the original superposition

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Fundamentally Random

Individual outcomes are unpredictable, even with complete information

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Instantaneous

Collapse happens immediately upon measurement, not gradually

💡 Key Insight

Measurement is the boundary between quantum and classical worlds. It's the process that transforms quantum possibilities into classical reality, making it central to understanding how quantum computers produce usable results.