⚠️ NISQ Era Challenges
Master the noise, errors, and limitations of near-term quantum computing
Your Progress
0 / 5 completed←
Previous Module
Quantum Supremacy & Advantage
⚠️ The Noisy Reality
NISQ (Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum): 50-1000 qubits without error correction—the current era of quantum computing. Gate errors ~0.1-1%, decoherence times 100μs, limited circuit depth. These constraints force hybrid algorithms, error mitigation techniques, and careful problem selection. Path to fault tolerance requires 1000× error reduction.
🎯 What is NISQ?
Noisy: High error rates (0.1-1% per gate)—no quantum error correction yet
Intermediate-Scale: 50-1000 qubits—beyond classical simulation but not fault-tolerant
Quantum: Still quantum—just limited by noise constraints
📊 Circuit Depth vs Fidelity
Explore how computation fidelity degrades with circuit depth (assuming 1% gate error):
1 gate50 gates100 gates
Result Fidelity:90.4%
✓ High fidelity—suitable for NISQ algorithms
Formula: Fidelity = (1 - error_rate)^depth = 0.99^10 ≈ 90.4%
🎯 What You'll Master
⚠️
Error Sources
Gate errors, decoherence, readout
🚧
NISQ Limitations
Circuit depth, connectivity, scale
🛠️
Mitigation Techniques
ZNE, PEC, error extrapolation
🔮
Future Path
Beyond NISQ to fault tolerance
Current Era:
NISQ (2019-2027)
Qubit Range:
50-1000 qubits
Error Rates:
0.1-1% per gate